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Events
41 - Roman Emperor Gaius Caesar (Caligula), known for his eccentricity and cruel despotism, is assassinated by his disgruntled Praetorian Guards. Claudius succeeds his nephew.
1438 - The Council of Basel suspends Pope Eugene IV.
1458 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary.
1624 - Alfonso Mendez, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa.
1679 - King Charles II of England disbands Parliament.
1742 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
1776 – Henry Knox arrives at Cambridge, Massachusetts with the artillery that he has transported from Fort Ticonderoga.
1826 - Mississippi College is founded in Clinton, becoming the first college in the state of Mississippi.
1848 - California Gold Rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill near Sacramento.
1857 - The University of Calcutta is formally founded as the first full-fledged university in south Asia.
1878 - The revolutionary Vera Zasulich shoots at Fyodor Trepov, the Governor of Saint Petersburg.
1908 - Robert Baden-Powell begins the Boy Scout movement.
1916 - In Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad, the Supreme Court of the United States declares the federal income tax constitutional.
1918 - A decree of the Council of People's Commissars, introducing the Gregorian calendar in Russia since February 1, issued.
1924 - St. Petersburg, Russia is renamed Leningrad.
1927 - Director Alfred Hitchcock releases his first film, The Pleasure Garden, in England.
1936 - Albert Sarraut becomes Prime Minister of France
1943 - World War II: Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill conclude a conference in Casablanca.
1952 - Vincent Massey is sworn in as the first Canadian-born Governor-General of Canada.
1966 - An Air India Boeing 707 jet crashes on Mont Blanc, on the border between France and Italy, killing 117.
1972 - Japanese Sgt. Shoichi Yokoi is found hiding in a Guam jungle, where he had been in hiding since 1944, when U.S. forces liberated the island during World War II.
1977 - Massacre of Atocha in Madrid, during the Spanish transition to democracy.
1984 - The first Apple Macintosh goes on sale.
1986 - Voyager 2 passes within 81,500 km (50,680 miles) of Uranus.
1986 - Wapping dispute. Newspaper workers in London launch ultimately unsuccessful strike against Rupert Murdoch's News International.
1993 - Turkish journalist and writer Uğur Mumcu assassinated by a car bomb in Ankara
1996 - Polish Premier Jozef Oleksy resigns amid charges he spied for Moscow.
2003 - The United States Department of Homeland Security officially begins operation.
2006 - Disney agrees to purchase Pixar in an all-cash deal, making Steve Jobs the largest shareholder in Disney.

Births
76 - Hadrian, Roman Emperor (d. 138)
1287 - Richard Aungerville, English bishop (d. 1345)
1444 - Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan (d. 1476)
1540 - Edmund Campion, English Jesuit (d. 1581)
1638 - Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, English poet (d. 1706)
1670 - William Congreve, English playwright (d. 1729)
1674 - Thomas Tanner, English bishop (d. 1735)
1679 - Christian Wolff, German philosopher (d. 1754)
1705 - Farinelli, Italian castrato (d. 1782)
1712 - King Frederick II of Prussia (d. 1786)
1724 - Frances Brooke, English writer (d. 1789)
1732 - Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, French playwright (d. 1799)
1752 - Muzio Clementi, Italian composer (d. 1832)
1754 - Andrew Ellicott, American surveyor (d. 1820)
1763 - Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron, Russian general (d. 1831)
1776 - E.T.A. Hoffmann, German writer (d. 1822)
1848 - Vasily Surikov, Russian painter (d. 1916)
1862 - Edith Wharton, American writer (d. 1937)
1864 - Marguerite Durand, French feminist leader (d. 1936)
1872 - Konstantin Bogaevsky, Russian painter (d. 1943)
1888 - Vicki Baum, Austrian writer (d. 1960)
1888 - Ernst Heinkel, German aircraft designer (d. 1958)
1891 - Walter Model, German field marshal (d. 1945)
1895 - Eugen Roth, German writer (d. 1976)
1898 - Cliff Heathcote, baseball player (d. 1939)
1902 - E. A. Speiser, American Bible scholar (d. 1965)
1905 - J. Howard Marshall, American billionaire (d. 1995)
1907 - Maurice Couve de Murville, French politician (d. 1999)
1909 - Martin Lings, English Islamic scholar (d. 2005)
1909 - Ann Todd, English actress (d. 1993)
1913 - Norman Dello Joio, American composer
1915 - Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991)
1916 - Jack Brickhouse, American sports broadcaster (d. 1998)
1917 - Ernest Borgnine, American actor
1918 - Oral Roberts, American evangelist
1919 - Coleman Francis, American film director
1922 - Charles Socarides, American psychiatrist (d. 2005)
1925 - Maria Tallchief, American ballerina
1928 - Desmond Morris, British anthropologist
1928 - Michel Serrault, French actor
1934 - Stanisław Grochowiak, Polish poet (d. 1976)
1936 - Doug Kershaw, American musician
1939 - Ray Stevens, American musician
1941 - Neil Diamond, American singer
1941 - Aaron Neville, American singer
1943 - Sharon Tate, American actress and Manson murder victim (d. 1969)
1944 - Klaus Nomi, German singer (d. 1983)
1946 - Michael Ontkean, Canadian actor
1947 - Warren Zevon, American musician (d. 2003)
1949 - John Belushi, American actor (d. 1982)
1950 - Gerald Brisco, American wrestler
1950 - Benjamin Urrutia, American scholar
1950 - Daniel Auteuil, French actor
1951 - Yakov Smirnoff, Russian comedian
1956 - Hanne Krogh, Norwegian singer (Bobbysocks)
1957 - Adrian Edmondson, British comedian
1958 - Neil Allen, American baseball player
1958 - Jools Holland, British musician
1959 - Nastassja Kinski, German-born actress
1959 - Vic Reeves, English comedian
1961 - Vince Russo, American writer
1963 - Martyn Grimley, British hockey player
1963 - Arnold Vanderlyde, Dutch boxer
1965 - Mike Awesome, American wrestler
1966 - Jimeoin, Northern Irish comedian
1967 - John Myung, American musician (Dream Theater)
1967 - Phil LaMarr, American voice actor
1968 - Mary Lou Retton, American gymnast
1970 - Matthew Lillard, American actor
1971 - Cory Bailey, American baseball player
1974 - Shii Ann Huang, American game show contestant
1975 - Rónald Gómez, Costa Rican footballer
1976 - Shae-Lynn Bourne, Canadian ice dancer with Victor Kraatz
1979 - Tatyana Ali, American actress
1980 - Nicole Marie Lenz, American actress
1981 - Travis Hanson, American baseball player
1982 - Jan Fila, Czech composer
1983 - Scott Speed, American racecar driver
1984 - Scott Kazmir, American baseball player
1986 - Mischa Barton, English-born American actress
1986 - Ricky Ullman, American actor
1989 - Calvin Goldspink, English singer (S Club 8)

[edit] Deaths
41 - Caligula, Emperor of Rome (b. 12)
772 - Pope Stephen III (b. 720)
1125 - David IV of Georgia (b. 1073)
1366 - Alfonso IV of Aragon (b. 1299)
1376 - Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel, English military leader
1473 - Conrad Paumann, German composer
1595 - Ferdinand II of Austria (b. 1529)
1626 - Samuel Argall, English adventurer and naval officer (b. 1580)
1639 - Georg Jenatsch, Swiss politician (b. 1596)
1666 - Johann Andreas Herbst, German composer (b. 1588)
1709 - George Rooke, English admiral (b. 1650)
1769 - François de Chevert, French general (b. 1695)
1856 - Rabbi Yechezkel of Kuzmir, Polish Hasidic leader (b. 1775)
1877 - Johann Christian Poggendorff, German physicist (b. 1796)
1882 - Levi Boone, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1808)
1883 - Friedrich von Flotow, German composer (b. 1812)
1895 - Lord Randolph Churchill, British politician (b. 1849)
1911 - David Graham Phillips, American journalist and novelist (b. 1867)
1920 - Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (b. 1884)
1924 - Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (b. 1894)
1932 - Alfred Yarrow, English shipbuilder (b. 1842)
1939 - Maximilian Bircher-Benner, Swiss physician and nutritionist (b. 1867)
1943 - John Burns, English politician (b. 1858)
1955 - Ira Hayes, American World War II hero (b. 1923)
1960 - Edwin Fischer, Swiss pianist and conductor (b. 1886)
1961 - Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American swimmer and inventor (b. 1884)
1962 - Stanley Lord, captain of the SS Californian the night of the Titanic disaster (b. 1877)
1965 - Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (b. 1874)
1966 - Homi J. Bhabha, Indian physicist (b. 1909)
1970 - Caresse Crosby, American poet (b. 1891)
1971 - Bill W., American co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous (b. 1895)
1973 - J. Carrol Naish, American actor (b. 1897)
1975 - Larry Fine, American actor and comedian (b. 1902)
1978 - Herta Oberheuser, Nazi doctor (b. 1911)
1983 - George Cukor, American film director (b. 1899)
1986 - L. Ron Hubbard, American writer and founder of Scientology (b. 1911)
1986 - Flo Hyman, American volleyball player (b. 1954)
1986 - Gordon MacRae, American actor and singer (b. 1921)
1989 - Ted Bundy, American serial killer (b. 1946)
1989 - George Knudson, Canadian golfer (b. 1937)
1990 - Madge Bellamy, American actress (b. 1899)
1991 - John M. Kelly, Irish politician and academic (b. 1931)
1992 - Ricky Ray Rector, American murderer (b. 1950)
1993 - Thurgood Marshall, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1908)
1998 - Walter D. Edmonds, American author (b. 1903)
2000 - Bobby Duncum, Jr., wrestler (b. 1965)
2002 - Peter Gzowski, Canadian broadcaster, writer and reporter (b. 1934)
2003 - Gianni Agnelli, Italian auto executive (b. 1921)
2004 - Leônidas da Silva, Brazilian footballer (b. 1913)
2005 - June Bronhill, Australian singer (b. 1929)
2005 - Vladimir Savchenko, Ukrainian writer (b. 1933)
2005 - Chalkie White, English rugby coach (b. 1929)
2006 - Chris Penn, American actor (b. 1965)