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June 18th
1178 ~ Five Canterbury monks saw what was possibly the Giordano Bruno crater being formed on the Moon.
1815 ~ British and Prussian troops defeated the French under Napoleon Bonaparte at Waterloo in Belgium. 1873 ~ Susan B. Anthony was fined $100 for attempting to vote in the 1872 presidential election. 1915 ~ Birthday of Red Adair, Firefighter. 1928 ~ Death of Roald Amundsen, Explorer, first to the South Pole. 1942 ~ Birthday of Paul McCartney, Singer & Songwriter. 1945 ~ William Joyce (Lord Haw-Haw) was charged with treason. 1967 ~ Jimi Hendrix burned his guitar on stage at the Monterey Pop Festival. 1979 ~ Presidents Carter and Brezhnev signed the SALT II strategic arms limitation treaty in Vienna. 1983 ~ Sally Ride became the first American woman in space. |
June 19th
1623 ~ Birthday of Blaise Pascal, Mathematician.
1865 ~ More two years after the Emancipation Proclamation, slaves in Galveston, Texas were finally informed of their freedom. 1886 ~ The proposed annexation of Nova Scotia, Canada, by the United States lampooned. 1896 ~ Birthday of Wallis Warfield, the future Duchess of Windsor. 1934 ~ The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was established. 1937 ~ Death of J.M. Barrie, Author, creator of the character Peter Pan. 1945 ~ Birthday of Aung San Suu Kyi, Politician, recipient of the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize. 1953 ~ Death of Julius & Ethel Rosenberg, convicted spies. 1978 ~ First appearance of the comic strip Garfield. 1982 ~ Roberto Calvi, an Italian banker, was found hanged under Blackfriars Bridge in London. |
June 20th
1819 ~ Birthday of Jacques Offenbach, Composer.
1837 ~ Queen Victoria ascended to the throne. 1877 ~ Alexander Graham Bell installed the first commercial telephone service in Hamilton, Ontario. 1899 ~ Birthday of Jean Moulin, leader of the French Resistance in WW II. 1909 ~ Birthday of Errol Flynn, Actor. 1948 ~ The Ed Sullivan Show, (née Toast of the Town) debuted. 1953 ~ Birthday of Cyndi Lauper, singer. 1966 ~ Canada sold 336 million bushels of wheat to the U.S.S.R. 1977 ~ Oil began to flow through the Trans-Alaska pipeline. 2002 ~ Death of Erwin Chargaff, biochemist. |
June 21st
1527 ~ Death of Niccolò Machiavelli, Italian Historian & Political Author.
1749 ~ Halifax, Nova Scotia founded. 1781 ~ Birthday of Siméon-Denis Poisson, Mathematician & Physicist. 1905 ~ Birthday of Jean-Paul Sartre, Philosopher & Playwright, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 1964. 1908 ~ Death of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian Composer. 1919 ~ Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttled the German fleet in Scapa Flow, Orkney. 1965 ~ The Byrds released their debut album “Mr. Tambourine Man”. 1989 ~ The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that flag burning is protected speech under the Constitution. 2001 ~ Death of Carroll O'Connor, American Actor. 2004 ~ SpaceShipOne became the first privately funded space plane to achieve spaceflight. |
June 22nd
1837 ~ Birthday of Paul Morphy, Chess master.
1856 ~ Birthday of H. Rider Haggard, Author. 1940 ~ WWII: France forced to sign armistice with Germany. 1941 ~ WWII: Germany invaded the Soviet Union. 1969 ~ Death of Judy Garland, Singer & Actress. 1976 ~ Canadian House of Commons voted to abolish capital punishment. 1986 ~ Diego Maradona scored both the Hand of God goal and the Goal of the Century against England during the FIFA World Cup in Mexico City. 1987 ~ Death of Fred Astaire, Dancer & Actor. 1996 ~ The Quake computer game was released. 2002 ~ Death of Ann Landers, Columnist. |
June 23rd
1894 ~ Birthday of Alfred Kinsey, Sexologist.
1912 ~ Birthday of Alan Turing, Mathematician. 1927 ~ Birthday of Bob Fosse, Choreographer. 1940 ~ Adolf Hitler toured Paris in now occupied France. 1943 ~ Birthday of Vint Cerf, co-designer of the TCP/IP protocols and one of the “Fathers of the Internet”. 1947 ~ President Truman's veto of the Taft-Hartley Act overridden. 1956 ~ Gamal Abdel Nasser elected president of Egypt. 1992 ~ John Gotti, convicted of racketeering charges, was sentenced in to life in prison. 1993 ~ Lorena Bobbitt sexually mutilated her husband after he allegedly raped her. 1995 ~ Death of Jonas Salk, developer of the Salk polio vaccine. |
June 24th
1314 ~ Scotland regained its independence in the Battle of Bannockburn, when Scotland's King Robert I defeated the English.
1519 ~ Death of Lucrezia Borgia, duchess of Ferrara. 1692 ~ Kingston, Jamaica founded. 1901 ~ First exhibition of Pablo Picasso's work. 1910 ~ Japan invaded Korea. 1915 ~ Birthday of Fred Hoyle, cosmologist and science fiction author. 1948 ~ Communist forces cut off all land and water routes between West Germany and West Berlin, prompting the U.S. to organize the Berlin Airlift. 1997 ~ The Roswell Incident debunked by the USAF. 2003 ~ Death of Leon Uris, Author. 2004 ~ Federal investigators questioned President Bush in connection with the news leak of a CIA operative's name. |
June 25th
1822 ~ Death of E.T.A. Hoffmann, German Writer, Composer & Painter.
1876 ~ Col. George A. Custer and his 7th Cavalry were wiped out in the Battle of Little Big Horn. 1894 ~ Birthday of Hermann Oberth, Physicist & one of the founding fathers of Rocketry and Astronautics. 1903 ~ Birthday of George Orwell, Writer. 1950 ~ The start of the Korean War. 1991 ~ Croatia and Slovenia declared their independence from Yugoslavia. 1993 ~ Kim Campbell became the first female Prime Minister of Canada. 1981 ~ The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the male-only draft registration was constitutional. 1997 ~ Death of Jacques-Yves Cousteau, French Explorer, Scientist & Inventor. 1998 ~ The U.S. Supreme Court ruled the Line Item Veto Act of 1996 unconstitutional. |
June 26th
1541 ~ Death of Francisco Pizarro, Spanish Conqueror of Peru.
1824 ~ Birthday of Lord Kelvin, Physicist. 1898 ~ Birthday of Willy Messerschmitt, Aircraft Designer. 1933 ~ Birthday of Claudio Abbado, Conductor. 1934 ~ Initial flight of the first practical helicopter, the Focke-Wulf Fw 61. 1959 ~ Queen Elizabeth and President Eisenhower inaugurated the St Lawrence Seaway. 1963 ~ President Kennedy visited West Berlin, where he offered American solidarity to the citizens of West Germany: "Ich bin ein Berliner". 1964 ~ The Beatles released the album A Hard Day's Night. 1975 ~ Death of St. Josemaría Escrivá, creator of Opus Dei. 1997 ~ The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Communications Decency Act violated the First Amendment, and thus unconstitutional. |
June 27th
1838 ~ Birthday of Paul von Mauser, Weapon Designer.
1880 ~ Birthday of Helen Keller, spokeswoman for the Deaf and Blind. 1893 ~ Crash of the New York Stock Exchange. 1905 ~ Mutiny on the battleship Potemkin. 1931 ~ Birthday of Charles Bronfman, Industrialist & Philanthropist. 1950 ~ The U.S. decided to send armed forces to fight in the Korean War. 1954 ~ The world's first nuclear power station went on line in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1957 ~ First British Smoking Causes Lung Cancer report released. 1967 ~ The world's first ATM installed in Enfield, London. 2001 ~ Death of Jack Lemmon, Actor & Film Director. |
June 28th
1577 ~ Birthday of Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish Baroque Painter.
1712 ~ Birthday of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Franco-Swiss Philosopher. 1880 ~ The Australian bushranger Ned Kelly was captured at Glenrowan. 1906 ~ Birthday of Maria Goeppert-Mayer, Physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in physics. 1914 ~ Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophia were killed by a Serbian nationalist, the casus belli of World War I. 1919 ~ The Treaty of Versailles was signed, ending World War I. 1926 ~ Birthday of Mel Brooks, Filmmaker. 1992 ~ Death of Mikhail Tal, eighth World Chess Champion. 1996 ~ The Citadel voted to admit women, ending a 153-year-old men-only policy at the South Carolina military school. 2004 ~ Sovereignty returned to Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority, ending the U.S.-led rule. |
June 29th
1861 ~ Death of Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Poet. “How do I love thee? Let me count the ways… ”
1868 ~ Birthday of George Ellery Hale, Astronomer. 1880 ~ France annexed Tahiti. 1895 ~ Death of Thomas Henry Huxley, Scientist. "Darwin's Bulldog" 1922 ~ France granted 1 km² at Vimy Ridge "freely, and for all time, to the Government of Canada, the free use of the land exempt from all taxes". 1925 ~ Canada House opened in London. 1963 ~ Birthday of Anne-Sophie Mutter, Violinist. 1974 ~ Isabel Peron is sworn in as first female president of Argentina. 1995 ~ U.S. Space Shuttle Atlantis docked with the Russian space station Mir. 2003 ~ Death of Katharine Hepburn, Actress. |
June 30th
1817 ~ Birthday of Joseph Dalton Hooker, Botanist & Champion of Charles Darwin.
1905 ~ During his annus mirabilis, Albert Einstein published the article On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies in which he introduced special relativity. That must have been an exciting time to be a physicist! 1908 ~ Tunguska impact event occurred in Siberia. 1934 ~ Night of the Long Knives, Adolf Hitler's violent purge of his political rivals in Germany took place. 1936 ~ ''Gone with the Wind'' by Margaret Mitchell published. 1943 ~ Birthday of Florence Ballard, American Singer (The Supremes). 1960 ~ Congo gained independence from Belgium. 1971 ~ The crew of the Soyuz 11 spacecraft died when the landing capsule depressurized after separating from the main craft. 1985 ~ Birthday of Michael Phelps, American Swimmer. 1997 ~ The UK returns sovereignty over Hong Kong to the PRC. |
July 1st
1646 ~ Birthday of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, German Mathematician & Philosopher.
1863 ~ The American Civil War: The Battle of Gettysburg began. 1906 ~ Birthday of Estée Lauder, Cosmetics Pioneer. 1916 ~ WWI: On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 18,000 British soldiers were killed, and 40,000 wounded. 1925 ~ Death of Erik Satie, French Composer. 1963 ~ The British Government admitted that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent. 2000 ~ Death of Walter Matthau, Actor. 2000 ~ Vermont's civil unions law went into effect. 2004 ~ Cassini-Huygens was successfully inserted into orbit around Saturn. 2004 ~ Death of Marlon Brando, Actor. |
July 2nd
1714 ~ Birthday of Christoph Willibald Gluck, German Composer.
1906 ~ Birthday of Hans Bethe, German-born Physicist., awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 1967. 1908 ~ Birthday of Thurgood Marshall, U. S. Supreme Court justice. 1932 ~ New York Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt became the Democratic nominee for president at their convention in Chicago. 1937 ~ Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappeared over the Pacific Ocean. 1961 ~ Death of Ernest Hemingway, Author, awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 1954. 1976 ~ Reunification of North and South Vietnam as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. 1977 ~ Death of Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born writer. 1982 ~ Larry Walters attached 45 helium balloons to a lawn chair and ascended into history and to a height of 11,000 feet. 2002 ~ Steve Fossett became the first man to fly a balloon solo around the world. |
July 3rd
1608 ~ The city of Quebec was founded by Samuel de Champlain.
1844 ~ The last pair of Great Auks was killed. 1854 ~ Birthday of Leoš Janáček, Czech Composer. 1863 ~ The final day of the battle of Gettysburg. 1883 ~ Birthday of Franz Kafka, Czech-born German author. 1935 ~ Death of André Citroën, Automobile Pioneer. 1938 ~ World speed record, 126 mph, set for a steam railway locomotive, by the Mallard. 1971 ~ Death of Jim Morrison, Singer (The Doors). 1986 ~ Death of Rudy Vallee, Singer, Actor, Bandleader, & Entertainer. 1988 ~ USS Vincennes shot down Iran Air Flight 655 over the Persian Gulf. |
July 4th
1054 ~ A supernova was recorded by the Chinese near the star ζ Tauri. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula.
1807 ~ Birthday of Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian Patriot. 1845 ~ American writer Henry David Thoreau began a two-year experiment in simple living at Walden Pond near Concord, Mass. 1855 ~ The first edition of Walt Whitman's book of poems Leaves of Grass was published. 1883 ~ Birthday of Rube Goldberg, Cartoonist. 1885 ~ Birthday of Louis B. Mayer, Movie Executive (one of the M’s in MGM). 1934 ~ Death of Marie Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of he Nobel Prize in Physics 1903. 1946 ~ After 381 years, the Philippines became an independent nation. 1976 ~ The U.S. celebrated its Bicentennial. 1976 ~ Israeli commandos rescued 100 hostages at Entebbe Airport, Uganda. |
July 5th
1810 ~ Birthday of Phineas Taylor "P. T." Barnum, Circus Owner.
1853 ~ Birthday of Cecil Rhodes, South African Politician. 1911 ~ Birthday of Georges Pompidou, President of France. 1948 ~ British National Health Service Act enacted. 1951 ~ William Shockley invented the junction transistor. 1969 ~ Death of Walter Gropius, German architect. 1971 ~ The voting age in the U.S. was reduced to 18 from 21. 1975 ~ Arthur Ashe becomes the first black man to win the Wimbledon singles' championship. 1989 ~ Oliver North received a $150,000 fine and a suspended prison term for his part in the Iran-Contra affair. 1996 ~ Birthday of Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal. |
July 6th
1946 ~ Birthday of George W. Bush, 43rd President of the U.S.
1957 ~ Althea Gibson became the first black tennis player to win a Wimbledon singles title. 1962 ~ Death of William Faulkner, American Novelist. 1964 ~ A Hard Day's Night, the first Beatles film, premiered. 1971 ~ Death of Louis Armstrong, Jazz Musician. 1973 ~ Death of Otto Klemperer, German Conductor. 1974 ~ The radio program A Prairie Home Companion was first broadcast. 1989 ~ The Piper Alpha drilling platform in the North Sea was destroyed by explosions and fires killing 167 oil workers. 1997 ~ The rover Sojourner rolled onto the Martian landscape to begin inspecting soil and rocks. 1998 ~ Death of Roy Rogers, Cowboy Actor & Singer. |
July 7th
1860 ~ Birthday of Gustav Mahler, Austrian Composer.
1887 ~ Birthday of Marc Chagall, Russian-born Painter. 1898 ~ The U.S. annexed Hawaii as a territory. 1907 ~ Birthday of Robert Heinlein, Science Fiction Writer. 1930 ~ Death of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish Writer. 1940 ~ Birthday of Ringo Starr, Beatle. 1958 ~ President Eisenhower signed the Alaska Statehood Act. 1978 ~ The Solomon Islands gained independence from the U.K. 1981 ~ President Reagan announced his nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor to become the first female justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. 2005 ~ Terrorist bombings in London killed 52 victims and four suicide bombers. |
July 8th.
1695 ~ Death of Christiaan Huygens, Dutch Scientist.
1776 ~ The first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. 1822 ~ Death of Percy Shelley, English poet. 1838 ~ Birthday of Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin, German Inventor. 1882 ~ Birthday of Percy Grainger, Australian Composer. 1889 ~ In the last championship bare-knuckle boxing match, John L. Sullivan defeated Jake Kilrain. 1889 ~ The first issue of the Wall Street Journal published. 1892 ~ St. John's, Newfoundland was devastated by the Great Fire of 1892. 1986 ~ Kurt Waldheim was inaugurated as president of Austria despite controversy over his alleged ties to Nazi war crimes. 1997 ~ Mayo Clinic researchers warned that the dieting-drug "fen-phen" could cause severe heart and lung damage. |
July 9th
1896 ~ William Jennings Bryan delivered his Cross of Gold speech.
1900 ~ Queen Victoria gave royal assent to an act creating the Commonwealth of Australia, uniting separate colonies under one federal government. 1916 ~ Birthday of Edward Heath, P.M. of the UK 1947 ~ The engagement of Britain's Princess Elizabeth to Lt. Philip Mountbatten was announced. 1974 ~ Death of Earl Warren, Governor of California, Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. 1984 ~ York Minster was struck by lightning; the resulting fire destroyed the roof of the South Transept. 1989 ~ Two bombs exploded in Mecca, killing one pilgrim and wounding 16 others. 1995 ~ The Grateful Dead played their last concert, at Soldier Field in Chicago. 1997 ~ Mike Tyson's boxing license was suspended and he was fined $3 million for biting Evander Holyfield's ear in a televised match. 2001 ~ The Big Bang Theory of the origin of the universe received substantial support. |
July 10th
18420 ~ Birthday of :angel: Adolphus Busch, German-born Brewer.
1856 ~ Birthday of Nikola Tesla, Croatian physicist. 1895 ~ Birthday of Carl Orff, German Composer. 1940 ~ The Luftwaffe began the Battle of Britain. 1962 ~ The world's first active communications satellite, Telstar, was launched. 1979 ~ Death of Arthur Fiedler, American Conductor. 1985 ~ The Greenpeace Rainbow Warrior was sunk in Auckland Harbor by French agents. 1997 ~ Scientists report their DNA analysis findings from a Neanderthal skeleton which support the Out of Africa hypothesis of human evolution. 2002 ~ Peter Paul Rubens' painting The Massacre of the Innocents was sold for $76.2 million. 2003 ~ Death of Lord Shawcross, U.K. chief prosecutor at the Nuremberg Trials. |
July 11th
1798 ~ The U.S. Marine Corps was re-created by an act of Congress.
1857 ~ Birthday of Alfred Binet, French Psychologist. 1859 ~ Charles Dickens’ A Tale Of Two Cities was published. 1899 ~ Birthday of E. B. White, American Writer. (Stuart Little, Charlotte's Web, The Trumpet of the Swan.) 1914 ~ Babe Ruth made his major league debut with the Boston Red Sox. 1937 ~ Death of George Gershwin, American Composer. 1979 ~ Skylab deorbited. 1971 ~ Death of John W. Campbell, Writer & Editor. 1989 ~ Death of Sir Laurence Olivier, Actor. 1995 ~ Bosnian Serbs capture the city of Srebrenica. |
July 12th
1536 ~ Death of Erasmus, Dutch Writer & Philosopher.
1690 ~ William of Orange's army won the Battle of the Boyne. 1730 ~ Birthday of Josiah Wedgwood, English Potter. 1773 ~ Death of Johann Joachim Quantz, German Flutist & Composer. 1817 ~ Birthday of Henry David Thoreau, American Writer & Philosopher. 1862 ~ Medal of Honor authorized by the U.S. Congress. 1933 ~ U.S. Congress passes the first federal minimum wage law in the U.S. 1943 ~ The largest tank engagement of WWII took place, part of the Battle of Kursk 1984 ~ Walter F. Mondale named Geraldine A. Ferraro his Vice Presidential running mate, making her the first woman to run on a major party ticket. 1990~ Boris Yeltsin resigns from the Soviet Communist Party. |
July 13th
100 BC ~ Birthday of Julius Caesar, Soldier & Politician.
1793 ~ French revolutionary writer Jean Paul Marat was stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday, who was executed four days later. 1837 ~ Queen Victoria moved into Buckingham Palace – the first monarch to live there. 1908 ~ Women first included in modern Olympic competition. 1951 ~ Death of Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian Composer. 1955 ~ Ruth Ellis became the last woman in England to be executed. 1960 ~ John F. Kennedy won the Democratic presidential nomination at the party's convention in Los Angeles. 1977 ~ A 25-hour blackout hit New York City. 1982 ~ Montreal was host to the first baseball All-Star Game outside the U.S. 1985 ~ Live Aid, an international rock concert in London, Philadelphia, Moscow and Sydney, Australia, was held to raise money for Africa's starving people. |
July 14th
1789 ~ Citizens of Paris stormed the Bastille. Generally recognized as the beginning of the French Revolution.
1798 ~ The Sedition Act made it a federal crime to write, publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the U.S. government. 1862 ~ Birthday of Gustav Klimt, Austrian Painter & Graphic Artist. 1881 ~ Billy the Kid was shot and killed by Sheriff Pat Garrett. 1887 ~ Death of Alfred Krupp, German munitions manufacturer. 1912 ~ Birthday of Northrop Frye, Canadian literary critic. 1913 ~ Birthday of Gerald Ford, U.S. President. 1933 ~ Gleichschaltung: In Germany, all political parties are outlawed except the Nazi Party. 1965 ~ Mariner 4 flyby of Mars took the first close-up photos of another planet. 2000 ~ A Florida jury ordered five tobacco companies to pay smokers a record $145 billion in punitive damages. |
July 15th
1099 ~ Jerusalem fell to the Crusaders.
1606 ~ Birthday of Rembrandt Van Rijn, Dutch artist. 1796 ~ Birthday of Thomas Bulfinch, American Mythologist. 1799 ~ French Captain Pierre Bouchard found the Rosetta Stone. 1870 ~ Georgia became the last of the Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union. 1918 ~ WWI: Second Battle of the Marne began. 1926 ~ Birthday of Leopoldo Galtieri, Argentine Dictator. 1954 ~ First flight of the Boeing 707, the first American jet passenger airliner. 1997 ~ Fashion designer Gianni Versace was shot to death outside his home in Miami. 2002 ~ John Walker Lindh, the American Taliban, pleaded guilty to supplying aid to the enemy and possession of explosives during the commission of a felony. |
July 16th
622 ~ Start of the Islamic calendar.
1790 ~ The District of Columbia was established as the seat of the U.S. Federal Government. 1872 ~ Birthday of Roald Amundsen, the Norwegian explorer who led the expedition which was the first to reach the South Pole. 1918 ~ At Ekaterinburg, Bolsheviks executed Czar Nicholas II and his family. 1945 ~ Allied leaders Winston Churchill, Harry Truman Josef Stalin meet at Potsdam. 1945 ~ The U.S. detonated the first nuclear weapon at the Trinity site near Alamogordo, New Mexico. 1948 ~ Birthday of Pinchas Zukerman, Israeli Violinist. 1969 ~ Apollo 11 was launched from Cape Kennedy to become the first manned mission to land on the moon. 1981 ~ Death of Harry Chapin, American Singer & Songwriter. 1989 ~ Death of Herbert von Karajan, Austrian Conductor. |
July 17th
1790 ~ Death of Adam Smith, Scottish Economist.
1899 ~ Birthday of James Cagney, Actor. 1935 ~ Birthday of Donald Sutherland, Actor. 1947 ~ Birthday of Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (formerly Parker Bowles), former British royal mistress and now wife of Prince Charles. 1955 ~ Disneyland opened in Anaheim, Calif. 1961 ~ Death of Baseball hall-of-famer Ty Cobb. 1962 ~ The Small Boy nuclear test shot Little Feller I became the last atmospheric detonation at the Nevada Test Site. 1975 ~ An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations. 1979 ~ Nicaraguan President Anastasio Somoza resigned and fled into exile in Miami. 2003 ~ Death of Dr. David Kelly, U.N. Weapons Inspector. |
July 18th
1817 ~ Death of Jane Austen, English Novelist.
1887 ~ Birthday of Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian Politician & Traitor. 1909 ~ Birthday of Andrei Gromyko, Soviet Diplomat & President. 1922 ~ Birthday of Thomas Kuhn, Philosopher of Science. 1925 ~ Adolf Hitler’s Mein Kampf was published. 1927 ~ Birthday of Kurt Masur, Conductor. 1942 ~ The Messerschmitt Me-262 was test flown using only its jets for the first time. 1969 ~ After a party, Senator Ted Kennedy drove his car off a wooden bridge, into a pond, and his passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne, died. 2001 ~ In Baltimore, Maryland, a 60-car train derailment occurred in a tunnel, sparking a fire that lasted days and virtually shut down downtown Baltimore. 2005 ~ Eric Rudolph was sentenced to life in prison for an abortion clinic bombing that killed an off-duty police officer. |
July 19th
1374 ~ Death of Petrarch, Italian Poet & early Humanist.
1834 ~ Birthday of Edgar Degas, Impressionist Painter. 1848 ~ The two day Women's Rights Convention opened in Seneca Falls, New York and the "Bloomers" were introduced. 1870 ~ The Franco-Prussian war began. 1898 ~ Birthday of Herbert Marcuse, Communist Philosopher. 1941 ~ Winston Churchill launched his "V for Victory" campaign in Europe. 1947 ~ Death of Aung San, Burmese nationalist. Aung San's daughter, Aung San Suu Kyi, is now the leader of the Burmese opposition to the current military regime. 1993 ~ President Clinton announced a compromise allowing homosexuals to serve in the military, but only if they refrained from homosexual activity. 1996 ~ Bosnian Serb President Radovan Karadzic was forced out of office. 2003 ~ Death of Bill Bright, evangelist, founder of Campus Crusade for Christ. |
July 20th
1933 ~ In London, 500,000 marched against anti-Semitism.
1938 ~ Birthday of Dame Diana Rigg, Actress (The Avengers, In This House of Brede). 1938 ~ Birthday of Natalie Wood, Actress (From Here to Eternity, Rebel Without a Cause, West Side Story). 1944 ~ Adolf Hitler was only slightly wounded when a bomb exploded at his Rastenburg headquarters. 1946 ~ The U.S. House of Representatives voted 265-79 to put control of atomic energy in the hands of a civilian body, the Atomic Energy Commission, rather than leave the military in control. 1960 ~ Ceylon elected Sirimavo Bandaranaike Prime Minister, the world's first female head of government. 1969 ~ Apollo 11 landed on the Moon. Neil Armstrong and "Buzz" Aldrin became the first men to walk on its surface. 1982 ~ The Provisional IRA detonated two bombs in Hyde Park and Regents Park in central London, killing eight soldiers, and wounding forty-seven people. 1999 ~ After 38 years at the bottom of the Atlantic, astronaut Gus Grissom's Liberty Bell 7 Mercury capsule was lifted to the surface. 2004 ~ The UN General Assembly passed a resolution demanding that Israel tear down the barrier it was building to seal off the West Bank. |
July 21st
1796 ~ Death of Robert Burns, Scottish Poet.
1899 ~ Birthday of Ernest Hemingway, American Author. 1861 ~ First Battle of Bull Run - the first major battle of the American Civil War began. 1911 ~ Birthday of Marshall McLuhan, Canadian Communications Theorist. 1920 ~ Birthday of Isaac Stern, Ukrainian born Violinist. 1925 ~ In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution in class and fined $100. 1948 ~ Birthday of Cat Stevens (Yusuf Islam), English Singer. 1954 ~ France surrendered North Vietnam to the Viet Minh. 1970 ~ The Aswan High Dam in Egypt was completed at the end of eleven years of construction 1994 ~ Tony Blair was declared the winner of the leadership election of the British Labour Party. |
July 22nd
1822 ~ Birthday of Br. Gregor Mendel, Austrian Geneticist.
1887 ~ Birthday of Gustav Hertz, German Physicist, awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 1925. 1898 ~ Birthday of Alexander Calder, American Artist. 1934 ~ John Dillinger was shot to death by FBI agents in Chicago. 1946 ~ The Irgun bombed the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, headquarters of the British administration, killing ninety. 1967 ~ Death of Carl Sandburg, Poet. 1977 ~ Deng Xiaoping returns to Chinese Government. 1992 ~ Pablo Escobar, fearing extradition to the U.S., escaped from his luxury prison. 1998 ~ Death of Alan Shepard, Astronaut. 2003 ~ Saddam Hussein's sons Odai and Qusai were killed when U.S. forces stormed a villa in Mosul, Iraq. |
July 23rd
1757 ~ Death of Domenico Scarlatti, Italian Composer.
1892 ~ Birthday of Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia. 1914 ~ Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia following the killing of Archduke Francis Ferdinand. 1942 ~ The Treblinka extermination camp opened. 1952 ~ Egyptian military officers led by Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew King Farouk I. 1962 ~ Telstar relayed the first live trans-Atlantic television signal. 1972 ~ The U.S. launched Landsat 1, first Earth-resources satellite. 1982 ~ The International Whaling Commission voted a moratorium on commercial whaling by 1985-86. 1984 ~ Vanessa Williams became the first Miss America to resign her title, because of nude photographs published in Penthouse magazine. 1986 ~ Prince Andrew, Duke of York married Sarah Ferguson at Westminster Abbey. |
July 24th
1783 ~ Birthday of Simón Bolívar, South American liberator.
1802 ~ Birthday of Alexandre Dumas, French writer. (The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers) 1898 ~ Birthday of Amelia Earhart, American Aviatrix. 1943 ~ Operation Gomorrah: The RAF Bomber Command bombed Hamburg by night, USAAF 8th Air Force Bomber Command by day. By the end of the operation, 9,000 tons of explosive & incendiary bombs created a firestorm which killed more than 30,000 people and destroyed 280,000 buildings. 1959 ~ Khrushchev and Nixon have war of words in the “Kitchen Debate”. 1967 ~ During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declared in Montreal "Vive le Québec libre!" (Long live free Quebec!). The statement, interpreted as support for Quebec independence, delighted many Quebecers but angered the Canadian government and many English Canadians. 1969 ~ The Apollo 11 astronauts, two of whom had been the first men to set foot on the moon, splashed down safely in the Pacific. 1974 ~ Death of James Chadwick, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate. 1980 ~ Death of Peter Sellers, Actor. 2005 ~ Lance Armstrong closed out his cycling career with a seventh consecutive Tour de France victory. |
July 25th
1797 ~ Horatio Nelson lost more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife Island.
1834 ~ Death of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet. (The Rime of the Ancient Mariner & Kubla Khan ) 1907 ~ Korea became a protectorate of Japan. 1909 ~ Louis Bleriot made the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine. Calais to Dover in 37 minutes. 1917 ~ Sir Thomas Whyte introduced the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%). 1952 ~ Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth of the United States. 1956 ~ 51 people died when the Italian liner Andrea Doria collided with the Swedish ship Stockholm. 1978 ~ Louise Brown, the first baby conceived by in-vitro fertilization, was born in Oldham, England. 1984 ~ Soviet cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya became the first woman to walk in space. 2000 ~ An Air France Concorde crashed just after takeoff from Paris, killing 113. |
July 26th
1822 ~ Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín met in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
1856 ~ Birthday of George Bernard Shaw, Author, Playwright, awarded t he Nobel Prize in Literature 1925. 1875 ~ Birthday of Carl Jung, Swiss Psychiatrist. 1898 ~ Birthday of Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft engineer and designer. 1928 ~ Birthday of Stanley Kubrick, Movie Director. 1941 ~ In response to the Japanese occupation of French Indo-China, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the seizure of all Japanese assets in the U.S. 1943 ~ Birthday of Mick Jagger, English Musician. (Rolling Stones) 1947 ~ .S. President Harry S. Truman signed the National Security Act into law creating the Central Intelligence Agency, Department of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the National Security Council. 1956 ~ Egyptian leader Gamal Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal sparking international condemnation. 1991 ~ Paul Reubens, aka Pee Wee Herman, was arrested for allegedly masturbating at a Sarasota, Florida adult theatre. |
July 27th
1844 ~ Death of John Dalton, English Chemist.
1904 ~ Birthday of Isaac Bashevis Singer, Writer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature. 1921 ~ Researchers at the University of Toronto led by biochemist Frederick Banting announced the discovery of the hormone insulin. 1946 ~ Death of Gertrude Stein, American Writer & Cult Figure. 1949 ~ Initial flight of the de Havilland Comet, the first jet-powered airliner. 1953 ~ The Korean War stopped. The U.S., People's Republic of China, North Korea, and South Korea signed an armistice agreement. 1974 ~ The House of Representatives Judiciary Committee voted to recommend the first article of impeachment against President Nixon: Obstruction of Justice. 1980 ~ Death of Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran. 1990 ~ Belarus declared independence from the Soviet Union. 2003 ~ Death of Bob Hope, English-born Entertainer. |
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